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Basics and Calculation Formulas for Cutting Data
The cutting data determines how fast the tool should be rotated or moved.
In order to process with a machine, it is necessary to set the "speed of rotation" and "speed of movement" with specific numbers.
In the NC code of the machine, the speed of rotation is represented by S and the speed of movement is denoted by F.
- Rotation speed
There are two ways to describe how fast a tool rotates.
"Rotation speed" and "cutting speed".
Rotational speed refers to the number of revolutions per minute. (How many times does it turn in 1 minute?)
Example: 500min⁻¹ (500 revolutions in 1 minute) *Old unit: rpm
The cutting speed is the velocity of the rotating tool circumference. (The speed at which it is circumnavigating the circle)
Example: 20 m/min (speed 20 m/min)
- Speed of movement
There are two ways to express the speed at which a tool moves.
These are "feed rate per blade" and "feed rate per minute".
The feed rate per blade refers to the number of millimeters advanced per blade.
Example: 0.2 mm/t (0.2 mm advance per blade)
Example: 0.2 mm/t (0.2 mm advance per blade)
The feed rate per minute is expressed in terms of the number of millimeters the tool advances in one minute.
Example: 100mm/min (100mm/min)
Example: 100mm/min (100mm/min)
Also, when you want to calculate the rotation speed from the cutting speed, or if you want to calculate the feed speed from the feed amount per revolution
Please use the following formula for calculating rotation speed and feed rate.
・Unit
π (pi) = pi (3.14)
DC = Cutter diameter (mm)
z ＝ number of flutes
π (pi) = pi (3.14)
DC = Cutter diameter (mm)
z ＝ number of flutes
Cutting Speed (Vc)[m/min] = π × Dc × n ÷ 1000
Spindle rotation speed (n) [min⁻¹ ] = Vc × 1000 ÷ dc ÷ π
Feed speed (Vf) [mm/min] = fz × z × n
Feed per blade (fz) [mm/t] = Vf ÷ n ÷ z
reference
・Drill feed speed (Vf) [mm/min] = feed amount per revolution (mm/rev) × (n)
*rev: revolution means 1 revolution, 1 lap
・Drill feed speed (Vf) [mm/min] = feed amount per revolution (mm/rev) × (n)
*rev: revolution means 1 revolution, 1 lap
In our standard drills, the feed amount per revolution is 2%~3% of the drill diameter.
If Φ10, then 10 × 0.02 = 0.2mm/rev
If Φ10, then 10 × 0.02 = 0.2mm/rev
If the drilling hole depth is more than 3 times the drill diameter, consider a step volume of 0.5 to 1 times the drill diameter.
・Tap feed rate (Vf) [mm/min] = Thread pitch × (n)
The tap advances 1 pitch (= 1 mountain) in 1 rotation * In the case of 1 thread
If it is M10×1.5, it will advance 1.5mm in one revolution